Saturday, September 7, 2013


Analyzing Case Studies and Writing Business Reports 

What is a case study Report ?
A Case Study Report:
Focuses on real-life issues (problems) in a company or organisation
Relates theoretical concepts to practical situations
Uses analytical and problem-solving skills
What are the issues/problems ... in this company?
What are the solutions to the problems in this case?
Requires critical thinking i.e.
Explain, analyse and justify.
DOES NOT  JUST DESCRIBE!

Some Tips for Analyzing Case Studies

Tip 1
Read the case.  Then read it again! Then read it again!
First, skim the case to understand the general issues
Second, read the case to understand the details 
Third, read the case and take notes
Start with Requirement 1 and read the case AGAIN making notes of the information in the case which is relevant to this requirement. Repeat with additional requirements.
Reading a Case and Taking Notes: Example: Kaye West Case Study
Q1 from Today’s re-enforcement questions
What type of work unit organisational structure does Kaye West University use for its student support services?
Paragraph 4
“Traditionally these service functions have been provided at a faculty, rather than university level; that is, faculties have been responsible for providing these services to their students (see Exhibit 3).  The university originally decided to place its student support services within faculties, rather than within the central administration units because it believed this provided some important benefits to its students.”  
         
          Note: Relevant to Q1 - Suggests Organisational Structure is student (market) rather than function focused

Tip 2
If requirements ask for problems to be identified use topic slides and readings as a guide to identify the relevant problems. BUT:
Don’t simply restate slides/readings
Identify the SPECIFIC problem in the case
Don’t be too general or theoretical
Explain/justify why you believe there is a problem
Kaye West Case: Identifying SPECIFIC problems
Q3 from Today’s re-enforcement questions
What problems/limitations do you believe Kaye West University may face with this type of organisational structure?
A poor response:
Limitations of market based organisational structures include duplication of non-production staff. 
This is too general, not relevant to the case facts (Kaye West doesn’t
produce) and not your own words (it’s straight from the lectures
A better response:
Each faculty at Kaye West will have their own support services centres.
This means Kaye West will need to duplicate support service staff, which will be expensive.
Tip 3
If requirements ask for solutions/improvements to solve problems
identified use topic slides and readings as a guide for which problems are
relevant. BUT
Don’t simply restate slides/readings
Outline the SPECIFIC solution
Explain WHY it will overcome a SPECIFIC problem
Don’t be too general or theoretical
Tip 4
Support your statements with evidence (from the case and if necessary, theory)
This is the meaning of explain or justify
A poor response to Q3:
Limitations of market based organisational structures include duplication of non-production staff.
This is  a statement without explanation or justification
A better response:
Each faculty at Kaye West will have their own support services centres.  
This means Kaye West will need to duplicate support service staff
(Explanation), which will be expensive (Justification).
Writing Business Reports 
Reports are very different to essays.  
Reports tend to be very structured and this structure is achieved by using Headings and Subheadings. 
The report you are preparing is a short report. These reports often have standard structure of simple headings (with each heading also including sub headings where relevant)
Table of Contents
The table of contents identifies each section of the report and its
page number
Each heading and sub-heading is numbered and included in the table
Headings and subheadings are descriptive
They indicate the focus of each section/paragraph
Can be used for easy location of information
Headings, Sub-Headings - The Organizational
Structure of a Report
Headings break the text into sections that are easily readable. They:
Highlight the main ideas of your Report
Order the information in your Report
Represent a new issue/idea/point
Assist the reader to find information quickly
Headings should be used:
Each time a new aspect of the content is presented
To plan the whole report
Use heading styles in Word so that your table of contents is automatically
generated.
Heading 1 for main headings like 1.0 Introduction
Heading 2 for  sub sections like 1.1 Background
Kaye West Example: Table of Contents
Executive summary ……………………………………………….….........2
1.0  Introduction …………………………………………………..………….  3
2.0  Organisational Structure At Kaye West…..………………….….5
2.1 Current Organisational Structure…………..………………........  5
2.1.1     Benefits of Current Structure…………………...............……6
 2.1.2   Limitations of Current Structure…………………............….6
.
.
.
3.0  Recommended Organisational Structure ……………….…………  8
4.0  Student Support Services Centres – Discretionary Cost Centres…9
.
.
5.0 Conclusion  ………………………..…………………………………… .... 13
NOTE: These Headings are a little boring.  You can be inventive and use
more interesting – but still informative - headings!!

The Introduction : Useful Language
Kaye West University is… It has planned to… As a result of this, a
number of problems have arisen
This report identifies the key issuesIt explores the ways in
which an adequate management accounting system could…
How to Structure Paragraphs in Business
Reports
Each paragraph should start with a
Topic Sentence
o Identifies topic and main idea
Then add Supporting Sentences
oExpand - on main idea
oEvidence - case information or theory
oExample - from case
oExplain or justify - student analysis
Finally, finish with a Concluding 
Sentence/s in the last paragraph before
the next Heading/Subheading
oLinking back to the main idea
Example of Paragraph Structure: Kaye West
Case - Q 10
         The Faculty Student Support Service Centres can be categorisedas discretionary cost centres. Discretionary Cost Centres tend not toproduce tangible ”products”.  Instead their role is often to provide support services whose outputs are qualitative and difficult to define objectively – i.e. outputs are not quantifiable. 
In the case of Kaye West, the role of all the Faculty Student Support Service Centres is to provide support of a qualitative nature to students – e.g. Counselling or Study and Learning support.  The outcomes of these centres is therefore qualitative.  For instance, the Counselling Centre’s “output” should be measured in terms of how well it helps students to deal with problems affecting their academic studies. How well each Counselling Centre does this cannot be objectively quantified. In comparison in engineered cost centre, such as a production department, output can be quantified – i.e. the product being produced.


Sections (in Body of the Report)
The discussion under each Main Heading (labelled 20, 3.0 etc) represents a different section of your Report
Each section should include at the beginning:
A brief introduction to each section (contained within 2.0, 3.0 etc.)
A brief description of what the sub-sections cover
Subheadings = Sub-sections  (labelled 2.1, 2.2 etc.)
Should only discuss one main point (issue, problem, recommendation or suggestion etc.)
Should not be too long
 maximum of 3 paragraphs each














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