Analyzing Case Studies and Writing Business Reports
What is a case study Report ?
A Case Study Report:
•Focuses on real-life issues
(problems) in a company or organisation
•Relates theoretical
concepts to practical situations
•Uses analytical and
problem-solving skills
–What are the issues/problems ...
in this company?
–What are the solutions to the
problems in this case?
•Requires critical thinking
i.e.
–Explain, analyse and justify.
DOES NOT JUST DESCRIBE!
Some Tips for Analyzing Case Studies
Tip 1
Read the case.
Then read it again! Then
read it again!
•First,
skim the case to understand the general issues
•Second, read the case to understand the details
•Third,
read the case and take notes
Start with Requirement 1 and read the case AGAIN making notes
of the information in the case which is relevant to this requirement. Repeat
with additional requirements.
Reading a Case and Taking Notes: Example: Kaye West Case Study
Q1 from
Today’s re-enforcement questions
What
type of work unit organisational structure does Kaye West University use for
its student support services?
Paragraph 4
“Traditionally
these service functions have been provided at a faculty,
rather than university level; that is, faculties have been responsible for providing these services
to their students (see Exhibit 3). The
university originally decided to place its student support services within
faculties, rather than within the central administration units because it
believed this provided some important benefits to its students.”
Note: Relevant to Q1 - Suggests Organisational Structure is
student (market) rather than function focused
Tip 2
• If
requirements ask for problems to be identified use topic slides and readings as a guide to
identify the relevant problems. BUT:
–Don’t simply restate
slides/readings
–Identify the SPECIFIC problem in the case
–Don’t
be too general or theoretical
–Explain/justify why you believe there is a
problem
Kaye West Case: Identifying SPECIFIC problems
Q3 from
Today’s re-enforcement questions
What problems/limitations
do you believe Kaye West University may
face with this type of organisational structure?
A poor response:
–Limitations of market based
organisational structures include duplication of non-production staff.
–This
is too general, not relevant to the case facts (Kaye West doesn’t
produce) and
not your own words (it’s straight from the lectures
•A better response:
–Each faculty at Kaye West will
have their own support services centres.
–This means Kaye West will need to duplicate support service staff, which will be expensive.
Tip 3
If
requirements ask for solutions/improvements to solve problems
identified use topic
slides and readings as a guide for which problems are
relevant. BUT
–Don’t simply restate
slides/readings
–Outline the SPECIFIC solution
–Explain WHY it will overcome a SPECIFIC problem
–Don’t be too general or theoretical
Tip 4
•Support
your statements with evidence (from the case and if necessary, theory)
–This is the
meaning of explain or justify
•A poor response
to Q3:
–Limitations of market based
organisational structures include duplication of non-production staff.
–This
is a statement without explanation
or justification
•A better response:
–Each faculty at Kaye West will
have their own support services centres.
–This means Kaye West will need to duplicate
support service staff
(Explanation), which will be expensive (Justification).
Writing Business Reports
•Reports are very different
to essays.
•Reports tend to be very structured and this structure
is achieved by using Headings and Subheadings.
•The report you are preparing is a short
report. These reports often have standard structure of simple headings (with each heading also including
sub headings where relevant)
Table of Contents
The table of contents
identifies each section of the report and its
page number
•Each heading and sub-heading is numbered and
included in the table
• Headings and subheadings are descriptive
–They indicate the focus of each
section/paragraph
–Can be used for easy location of
information
Headings, Sub-Headings - The Organizational
Structure of a Report
•Headings break the text into
sections that are easily readable. They:
–Highlight the main ideas of your
Report
–Order the information in your
Report
–Represent a new issue/idea/point
–Assist the reader to find
information quickly
•Headings
should be used:
–Each time a new aspect of the
content is presented
–To plan the whole report
•Use heading styles in
Word so that your table of contents is automatically
generated.
–Heading 1 for main headings like 1.0 Introduction
–Heading 2 for sub sections like 1.1 Background
Kaye West Example: Table of Contents
Executive summary ……………………………………………….….........2
1.0 Introduction
…………………………………………………..…………. 3
2.0 Organisational
Structure At Kaye West…..………………….….5
2.1 Current Organisational Structure…………..………………........ 5
2.1.1 Benefits of Current Structure…………………...............……6
2.1.2 Limitations of Current Structure…………………............….6
.
.
.
3.0 Recommended
Organisational Structure ……………….………… 8
4.0 Student Support Services
Centres – Discretionary
Cost Centres…9
.
.
5.0 Conclusion
………………………..…………………………………… .... 13
NOTE: These Headings are a little boring. You can be inventive and use
more interesting
– but still informative - headings!!
The Introduction : Useful Language
•Kaye West University is… It
has planned to… As a result of this, a
number of problems have arisen…
•This
report identifies the key issues… It explores the ways in
which an adequate management
accounting system could…
How to Structure Paragraphs in Business
Reports
•Each
paragraph should start with a
Topic Sentence
o Identifies topic and main idea
•Then add
Supporting Sentences
oExpand
- on main
idea
oEvidence
- case information or theory
oExample
- from case
oExplain
or justify - student analysis
•Finally,
finish with a Concluding
Sentence/s in the last paragraph before
the next
Heading/Subheading
Example of Paragraph Structure: Kaye West
Case - Q 10
The Faculty Student Support Service Centres
can be categorisedas discretionary cost centres. Discretionary Cost Centres
tend not toproduce tangible ”products”.
Instead their role is often to provide support services whose outputs
are qualitative and difficult to define objectively – i.e. outputs are not
quantifiable.
In the case of Kaye West, the role of all the
Faculty Student Support Service Centres is to provide support of a qualitative
nature to students – e.g. Counselling or Study and Learning support. The outcomes of these centres is therefore
qualitative. For instance, the
Counselling Centre’s “output” should be measured in terms of how well it helps
students to deal with problems affecting their academic studies. How well each
Counselling Centre does this cannot be objectively quantified. In comparison in
engineered cost centre, such as a production department, output can be
quantified – i.e. the product being produced.
Sections (in Body of the Report)
•The
discussion under each Main Heading (labelled 20, 3.0 etc) represents a
different section of your Report
•Each
section should include at the beginning:
–A brief introduction to each
section (contained within 2.0, 3.0 etc.)
– A brief description of what the
sub-sections cover
•Subheadings
= Sub-sections (labelled 2.1, 2.2 etc.)
–Should only discuss one main point (issue, problem, recommendation or suggestion
etc.)
– Should not be too long
maximum of 3 paragraphs each
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